近50年陕西黄土高原云量和气温年际变化   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

曹雪梅  孙智辉  雷延鹏  刘志超 《气象科技》2010,38(3):311-315

利用陕西黄土高原24个气象站1957年以来的气温、总云量和低云量观测资料,分析了它们的年际及年代际演变趋势及相关关系。结果表明:近50年区域年平均气温波动升高,尤其是1987年以后;北部风沙区气温的年际变化较大,增温幅度由北向南递减;1957年以来区域年平均总云量呈逐渐减少趋势,低云量下降趋势较总云量更为明显,2000年以后总云量有所增加。相关分析表明:陕西黄土高原年平均气温与年均总云量及低云量呈明显的负相关,均通过了0.001显著性水平检验,且低云量的相关更为显著;总云量和低云量与降水量呈显著正相关;不同区域和不同季节总云量和低云量与气温的相关系数有明显差异,但与降水量的相关非常显著。  相似文献   

青藏高原积雪日数的气温敏感度分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

马丽娟  秦大河  卞林根  效存德  罗勇 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(1):1-07

根据青藏高原气象台站观测积雪日数和均一化气温数据,对高原1951—2004年积雪日数对气温的敏感度进行了量化分析。研究表明,无论是极值敏感度还是当前气候下的敏感度,空间上都呈现出高原四周积雪较中部对气温的敏感程度高的情况。各台站积雪日数对气温最敏感时的临界气温与海拔有着极好的反相关关系,而极值敏感度与海拔虽然也有一定的反相关,但相关程度远不如前者高。在当前气候状态下,有相当一部分台站的平均气温还未达到临界值,这些台站在秋、冬、春、夏季分别占总台站数的36%、39%、47%和11%。未来气候继续变暖背景下,这部分台站积雪日数对气温的敏感度会进一步加大,即积雪对气温的升高会更加敏感。  相似文献   

Summertime atmospheric teleconnection pattern associated with a warming over the eastern Tibetan Plateau     

朱伟军 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):413-422

By using a surface air temperature index (SATI) averaged over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), investigation is conducted on the short-term climate variation associated with the interannual air warming (or cooling) over the TP in each summer month. Evidence suggests that the SATI is associated with a consistent teleconnection pattern extending from the TP to central-western Asia and southeastern Europe. Associated rainfall changes include, for a warming case, a drought in northern India in May and June, and a stronger mei-yu front in June. The latter is due to an intensified upper-level northeasterly in eastern China and a wetter and warmer condition over the eastern TP. In the East Asian regions, the time-space distributions of the correlation patterns between SATI and rainfall are more complex and exhibit large differences from month to month. Some studies have revealed a close relationship between the anomalous heating over the TP and the rainfall anomaly along the Yangtze River valley appearing in the summer on a seasonal mean time-scale, whereas in the present study, this relationship only appears in June and the signal's significance becomes weaker after the long-term trend in the data was excluded. Close correlations between SATI and the convection activity and SST also occur in the western Pacific in July and August: A zonally-elongated warm tone in the SST in the northwestern Pacific seems to be a passive response of the associated circulation related to a warm SATI. The SATI-associated teleconnection pattern provides a scenario consistently linking the broad summer rainfall anomalies in Europe, central-western Asia, India, and East Asia.  相似文献   

A Study on Parameterization of Surface Albedo over Grassland Surface in the Northern Tibetan Plateau   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LI Ying  HU Zeyong 《大气科学进展》2009,26(1):161-168

The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year (January 2002 to December 2003) observational data from the AWS (Automatic Weather Station) at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau). As a double-variable (solar altitude angle and soil moisture) function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions (product and addition), the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.  相似文献   

Variability of soil moisture and its relationship with surface albedo and soil thermal parameters over the Loess Plateau   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

管晓丹  黄建平  郭铌  闭建荣  王国印 《大气科学进展》2009,26(4):692-700

Data from July 2006 to June 2008 observed at SACOL(Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University,35.946°N,104.137°E,elev.1961 m),a semi-arid site in Northwest China,are used to study seasonal variability of soil moisture,along with surface albedo and other soil thermal parameters, such as heat capacity,thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity,and their relationships to soil moisture content.The results indicate that surface albedo decreases with increases in soil moisture content,s...  相似文献   

Vertical atmospheric structure of the late summer clear days over the east Gansu loess plateau in China     

韦志刚  文军  李振朝 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):381-389

In this paper, by using the sounding data collected in LOPEX05, we have analyzed the vertical atmospheric structure and boundary layer characteristics of temperature and humidity in the late summer over the east Gansu loess plateau. The results show that the bottom of the stratosphere is at about 16 500 m and varies between 14 000 m and 18 000 m above the ground. The center of the westerly jet is located between 8300 m and 14 300 m above the ground and its direction moves between 260° and 305°. There is an ...  相似文献   

青藏高原“三江源地区”雨季水汽输送特征   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

李生辰  李栋梁  赵平  张国庆 《气象学报》2009,67(4):591-598

利用40年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和青藏高原三江源地区的降水资料,分析了三江源地区的水汽输送特征.研究表明:在东亚和印度季风驱动下的西南暖湿气流是三江源地区空中主要水汽来源,其次是来自西边界中东高压中的偏西气流和西风带中的偏北气流,这3种大尺度环流背景的气流汇集到三江源区,使该地区6-9月处在水汽辐合区内,同时在高原大地形的动力作用下,三江源地区近地面层维持定常的切变、低涡等天气系统,源源不断的降水为这一区域形成江河源头创造了条件.在水汽输入的各边界中,南边界季节变化特征显著,冬、春季水汽输入量小,夏、秋季水汽输入量大,9月达到全年的最大值.西边界的水汽输入量季节变化特征不明显,一年四季有水汽输入.北边界冬、春季水汽输入量小,夏、秋季水汽输入量大,6月达到全年的最大值.水汽输出主要在东边界.从三江源地区空中净水汽输入(输出)量收支的月际变化来看,6-9月水汽是收入的,5月收支平衡,10月到次年4月水汽是支出的,三江源地区的这种净水汽输入(输出)量收支的月际变化与该地区降水量的月际变化基本一致.冬、春季以西边界的水汽输入为主,夏、秋季以南边界的水汽输入为主.青藏高原三江源地区主要水汽输入边界的水汽通量近40年来呈现减少的变化趋势,这将影响到三江源地区未来的降水变化.  相似文献   

青藏高原未来30～50年A1B情景下气候变化预估   总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

刘晓东  程志刚  张冉 《高原气象》2009,28(3):475-484

基于政府间气候变化委员会第四次评估报告(IPCC-AR4)所采用的20个气候模式在未来大气温室气体中等排放情景(A1B)下模拟结果的集合平均以及一个全球气候模式模拟输出驱动下的动力降尺度(downscaling)分析结果,对青藏高原地区未来30～50年的气候变化趋势进行了预估研究.结果表明,从2030-2049年相对于1980-1999年气候平均值的变化来看,青藏高原大部分地区年平均地面气温的升温幅度在1.4～2.2℃之间,高海拔地区的增温一般更为显著,西藏西部的冬季增暖将达到2.4℃以上.降水量的变化相对较小,青藏高原大部分地区和全年多数季节降水可能增加,但未来30～50年青藏高原地区降水率增量通常不超过5%.考虑到未来大气温室气体排放程度、多模式集合预估以及区域尺度气候模拟等多方面均可能存在不确定性,这里给出的青藏高原未来气候变化预估结果应适时检验和修正.  相似文献   

基于螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量的一次东移高原低涡强降水过程分析   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄楚惠  李国平 《高原气象》2009,28(2):319-326

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料以及常规观测的地面和高空资料,应用螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量原理,对2000年7月9～15日一例东移高原低涡产生强降水过程进行了天气动力学诊断分析.结果表明:500 bPa z-螺旋度水平分布对低涡中心的移动、降水落区和强降水中心的分布具有较好指示性,强降水中心发生在500 hPa z-螺旋度梯度值最大的区域.z-螺旋度分布能较好地反映暴雨发生时大气的动力学特征,暴雨区上空,高层负涡度辐散与低层正涡度辐合相配合,是触发暴雨的动力机制.相对螺旋度更能全面地反映降水落区及降水中心分布情况,并对未来6 h后的降水落区及走向具有较好的预报性,强降水中心发生在相对螺旋度正、负中心连线梯度最大值的正值一侧.低层非地转湿Q矢量散度的辐合区与降水区相对应,辐合中心与强降水中心基本吻合,是降水落区定性诊断分析的有力工具;湿Q矢量散度的垂直分布对未来6 h降水的落区和移动预报提供了很好的参考信息.  相似文献   

CoLM模式对青藏高原中部BJ站陆面过程的数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

罗斯琼  吕世华  张宇  胡泽勇  马耀明  李锁锁  尚伦宇 《高原气象》2008,27(2):259-271

利用公共陆面模式Common Land Model(CoLM)及"全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验"(CAMP/Tibet)中那曲地区Bujiao(BJ)站2002—2004年的观测资料对该地区进行了单点数值模拟试验。通过比较模拟与观测的地表能量通量,表明CoLM较成功地模拟了该地区的能量分配。模式对向上的短波辐射、向上的长波辐射、净辐射及土壤热通量模拟得较好,但冬季存在偏差。进一步比较了模拟和观测的土壤温度及土壤湿度,发现浅层60 cm土壤温度模拟较好,深层存在偏差,表现为土壤温度变化滞后于实际变化。土壤湿度总体偏小,尤其是冬季冻结期,土壤冻融过程中忽略了土壤液态水在温度0℃以下仍能存在,含冰量模拟偏高。  相似文献